Compreender em que medida a figura e a atuação de D. João Becker contribuiu na constituição de um ideal humano, tendo a educação como principal mecanismo para a sua efetivação, configurou-se na principal meta desta investigação. Para isso, examinou-se o período de 1913 a 1946, época em que D. João se constituiu na autoridade máxima da Igreja Católica no Rio Grande do Sul. Este estudo baseou-se numa pesquisa bibliográfica, enfatizando, sobretudo, a análise da documentação histórica referente ao acervo da revista (...) Unitas. O trabalho discute a formação de um ideal de homem e sociedade perfeitos veiculado pela revista, fundada por D. João Becker, em 1913. Do exame do referido periódico, sobressaem três categorias de análise: a educação, o homem e o sacerdote. Tais categorias preponderam ao se analisar a perspectiva católica no que tange à perfeição humana. D. João Becker configurou-se num dos grandes protagonistas da reestruturação da Igreja Católica Sul-Rio-Grandense. O artigo divide-se em duas partes: a primeira define o entendimento do conceito de perfeição humana para o Catolicismo, e a segunda pondera as três categorias destacadas. (shrink)

O humanista português Antônio de Gouveia compôs epigramas em latim, publicados no século XVI, em Lyon, França, uma das capitais do Renascimento europeu. Sua poesia segue as normas estilísticas da Antiguidade clássica, apresentando uma submissão às convenções da composição genérica e um caráter essencialmente alusivo. A fim de ilustrar tais elementos, examinam-se quatro epigramas contendo alusões a Marcial, Ausônio, Catulo e Virgílio.

Começando por notar que o krausismo português se reveste de uma importância muito maior do que a que lhe foi atribuída pelos seus primeiros estudiosos, pois, além de ter dominado o ensino jurídico nas décadas de 40 a 60 do século XIX, teve significativo eco no Curso Superior de Letras e no ensino secundário e contribuiu decisivamente para a formação do pensamento de autores como Cunha Seixas e Joaquim Maria da Silva, o A. refere as características principais que apresenta (...) este movimento filosófico. Passa, depois, a estabelecer um confronto entre o pensamento de Antero e o do seu professor Joaquim Maria Rodrigues de Brito, tanto do relativo à época de Coimbra (1865-66), como de correspondente ao período de maturidade do poeta-filósofo, concluindo ter sido a partir do krausismo e das suas teses essenciais que se desenvolveu a filosofia anteriana, que com ele veio a coincidir em grande número de questões nucleares /// L'Auteur commence par noter que le krausisme portugais occupe une place beaucoup plus importante que celle qui lui fut attribuée par les premiers spécialistes qui l'ont étudié, car, outre le fait d'avoir dominé l' enseignement du droit durant les décennies 40 à 60 du XlX.e siècle, il s'est répercuté de façon significative sur le Cours Supérieur de Lettres ainsi que sur l'enseignement secondaire, et il a contribué de façon décisive à la formation de la pensée d'auteurs tels que Cunha Seixas et Joaquim Maria da Silva. L'auteur analyse ensuite les caractéristiques principales de ce mouvement philosophique. Puis il établit une confrontation entre la pensée de Antero et celle de son professeur, Joaquim Maria Rodrigues de Brito, aussi bien quant à l'époque de Coimbra (1865-1866) qu'à celle correspondant à la maturité du poète-philosophe, pour conclure que ce fut à partir du krausisme et de ses thèses essentielles que la philosophie de Antero s'est développée, krausisme avec lequel coincidèrent nombres de ces questions centrales. /// The Author begins by mentioning that Portuguese Krausism had in fact a much greater importance than the attributed to it in his first studies; besides having dominated the teaching of law in the middle decades (40-60) of the 19th Century, it was influential in the university liberal arts program and in secondary school education; it contributed decisively to the thought of authors such as Cunha Seixas and Joaquim Maria da Silva. The author of the article refers to the principal characteristics that this philosophical movement presents. Next, he contrasts the thought of Antero with that of his professor Joaquim Maria Rodrigues de Brito, both during the time in Coimbra (1865-66) and during Antero's more mature period; Krausism can be seen as the basis of the essential ideas in his philosophy, by making explicit a number of themes that they have in commun. (shrink)

No texto começa-se por recordar a controvérsia em torno da existência da filosofia portuguesa que se sustenta consubstanciar-se na questão: "há ou não filosofias especificamente nacionais, a cada nação corresponde uma filosofia própria?". Para solucionar o problema, seria indispensável fixar de modo indiscutível as noções de filosofia e nação. Não se aceitando a intuição das essências, que daria de modo directo e imediato as referidas noções, e entendendo-se que conceitos verdadeiros só podem surgir fundados num sistema, tentou-se, apenas, formular definições (...) convencionais de filosofia e nação, para estabelecer relações inegáveis entre elas, o que poderia dar um contributo para a problemática das filosofias nacionais, na hipótese de tais definições serem exactas ou, pelo menos, terem encontrado defensores. Considerou-se filosofia uma concepção do mundo racional, e nação uma certa comunidade de homens ligados pela istória e, porventura, por uma linguagem própria. Se a cada nação correspondesse uma filosofia cair-se-ia no relativismo, que é insustentável. Se se perfilhasse o ponto de vista que a filosofia depende da linguagem, logo da nação, a resposta seria que a linguagem expressa o pensamento, não é o pensamento. Assevera-se que uma concepção racional do mundo é sempre universal e que uma certa comunidade é, a fortiori, particular. A relação entre filosofia e nação será pois a do universal com o particular. Não é lícito absorver a filosofia na nação, como se esta fosse o universal concreto, nem dissolver aquela num universal que, nessa altura, seria abstracto. O universal supera o particular, sem o destruir, estando numa relação dialéctica com ele. O universal é, assim, universalização do particular. Por consequência, a filosofia será nacional mas de um "nacional" que se saiba auto-ultrapassar. O momento nacional é somente um momento da filosofia, não a própria filosofia na sua universalidade. /// Le texte commence par rappeler la controverse autor de l'existence de la philosophie portugaise, dont on affirme qu'elle s'identifie avec la question "y a-t-il, ou non, des philosophies spécifiquement nationales? A chaque nation correspond une philosophie propre?". Pour apporter une solution à ce problème, il serait indispensable de fixer de façon indiscutable les notions de philosophies et de nation. Comme on n'accepte pas l'intuition des essences, qui fournirait de façon directe et immédiate les notions mentionnées et comme on pense que de vrais concepts ne peuveunt surgir que fondés en un système, on a seulement essayé de formuler des définitions conventionnelles de philosophie et de nation en vue d'établir des relations irrécusables entre elles, ce qui pourrait constituer un apport pour la problématique des philosophies nationales, dans l'hypothèse que de telles définitions sont exactes ou ont, pour le moins, rencontré des adeptes. On considère la philosophie comme une conception rationnelle du monde et la nation, une certainne communauté d'hommes liés par l'histoire et, en particulier, pour une langue propre. Si à chaque nation correspondait une philosophie, on tomberait dans le relativisme, ce qui est insoutenable. Si l'on partageait le point de vue d'après lequel la philosophie dépend du langage, par suite, de la nation, la réponse serait que le langage exprime la pensée, n'est pas la pensée. On assure qu'une conception rationnelle du monde est toujours universelle et qu'une communauté donnée est particulière. La relation entre philosophie et nation sera donc celle qui existe entre l'universel et le particulier. Il n'est pas licite d'absorber la philosophie dans la nation, comme si celle-ci était l'universel concret, ni dissoudre celle-là dans un universel qui alors serait abstrait. /// Is there or is there not a specifically national philosophy? To each nation is there a corresponding philosophy? To answer these questions, which are certainly pertinent to the controversy concerning the existence of a Portuguese philosophy, one should state clearly what can be meant by philosophy and nation. By eliminating the approach by which one imagines it possible to have immediate and direct intuitions of these notions and by considering that true concepts are those that can be founded within a system, an attempt has been made here to formulate conventional definitions of philosophy and of nation in the hope that these definitions could be conjugated and made more precise. The idea that there be at the same time a rational world and a particular rationality, belonging to a particular community of men bound together by a common history and language, has been judged illusory. If to every nation there were a corresponding philosophy, an unbearable relativism would prevail. If one were to maintain that philosophy depended on language, and thus a nation, then the response would be that while language expresses thought, language is not thought. It is not legitimate to assimilate philosophy to a nation, as if the latter were a concrete universal; in this sense, it would be simply abstract. The universal overcomes the particular without destroying it, for the relationship is dialectical in nature: the universal is thus the universalization of the particular. Therefore, philosophy in national if one considers national as that which is capable of overcoming itself; the national moment is only a moment of philosophy, and not philosophy as such in its universality. (shrink)

O ensaio, em jeito de crítica/crítica, procura olhar para a Universidade na sua dimensão político-organizacional. Através de uma reflexão interpretativa, apoiada na constatação empírica e na literatura - uma metodologia que sai dos cânones de uma metodologia científica de investigação - tenta “escavar” a Universidade e mostrar dois tipos de homo-politicus que nela existem: o “homo-violentus” (o homem - “violento”) e o “homo-sabius” (o homem - “sábio”). Estes dois tipos de homos (por certo, existem outros tipos) então “encarnados” nos decisores, (...) gestores, professores, investigadores, estudantes etc. Destes dois tipos de homos vamos ter formas de intervenção política, cultural, científico/investigativa, educativo/pedagógico e humana diferenciadas - nas expressões informação, conhecimento, sabedoria - e, com elas, consequentes implicações na missão da própria Universidade. Palavras–Chave: Universidade; Política; Investigação; Pedagogia. The University and the “homo sabius”. Criticism / Criticism Abstract: The essay, in the form of criticism/criticism, seeks to look at the University in its political-organizational dimension. Through an interpretative reflection, supported by empirical evidence and literature - a methodology that departs from the canons of a scientific research methodology - it tries to "dig" the University and show two types of homo-politicus that exist in it: the "homo-violentus ” (man - “violent”) and “homo-sabius” (man - “wise”). These two types of homos (of course, there are other types) then “incarnated” in decision-makers, managers, teachers, researchers, students, etc. From these two types of homos we will have differentiated forms of political, cultural, scientific/investigative, educational/pedagogical and human intervention - in terms of information, knowledge, wisdom - and, with them, consequent implications for the mission of the University itself. Key Words: University; Policy; Investigation; Pedagogy. La Universidad y el “homo sabius”. Crítica / Crítica Resumen: El ensayo, en forma de crítica/crítica, busca mirar a la Universidad en su dimensión político-organizativa. A través de una reflexión interpretativa, apoyada en la evidencia empírica y la literatura -metodología que se aparta de los cánones de una metodología de investigación científica- se intenta “cavar” en la Universidad y mostrar dos tipos de homo-políticos que existen en ella: el “homo-político”. violento” (hombre - “violento”) y “homo-sabius” (hombre - “sabio”). Estos dos tipos de homos (claro que hay otros tipos) luego se “encarnan” en decisores, directivos, docentes, investigadores, estudiantes, etc. De estos dos tipos de homos tendremos formas diferenciadas de intervención política, cultural, científico/investigadora, educativa/pedagógica y humana -en términos de información, conocimiento, sabiduría- y, con ellas, las consecuentes implicaciones para la propia misión de la Universidad.. Palabras Clave: Universidad; Política; Investigación; Pedagogía. Data de registro: 26/04/2022 Data de aceite: 26/10/2022. (shrink)

In the present paper, i propose, first, to present some aspects of what we may call a type of "phenomenology" of the image contained in the Berlin lectures on transcendental logic – notably, in the second of these courses in Berlin. Second, i would like to return to the problem of the relationship between logic and philosophy, starting from these indications with regard to the "image", and, if possible, outline some parallel with certain theses on the same subject from the (...) Jena years. Finally, in what i consider a novelty concerning these lessons, i would like to conclude my exposition by raising the question of the foundational character of Fichte’s project. (shrink)

This paper intents to analyze the influence of John Dewey’s ideas in the movement that defended the educationl renovation in Brazil at the end of the 1920s and in the 1930s. For this, it explains two trends of that movement: the first is described by the metaphor of industrial or mechanical efficiency, whose emphasis was in the power derived from the disciplinary idea of progress, which was embedded in the process of rationalization of the social relations submitted by a factory (...) model; the second, developed by influence of Dewey, is characterized by a project of democratization of society and school that prevented the individual massification and the adoption of the rationalizing model inspired by the factory without any criticism. When Dewey was put in the center of the debate on political, pedagogical and social goals of the Brazilian New School, he was called to introduce a series of concepts that helped to find the balance between the respect for individuality and the observation of the social needs. (shrink)

Otto Neurath’s empiricist methodology of economics and his contributions to politi- cal economy have gained increasing attention in recent years. We connect this research with contemporary debates regarding the epistemological status of thought experiments by reconstructing Neurath’s utopias as linchpins of thought experiments. In our three reconstructed examples of different uses of utopias/dystopias in thought experiments we employ a reformulation of Häggqvist’s model for thought experiments and we argue that: (1) Our reformulation of Häggqvist’s model more adequately complies with many (...) uses of thought experiments, especially with the open-ended discussions of utopias and dys- topias in thought experiments. (2) As a strict logical empiricist, Neurath is committed to a strictly empiricist account of thought experiments. John Norton’s empiricist argument view can indeed account for the justifications of empirical beliefs and genuine discoveries targeted by scientific utopianism in three distinct (yet connected) ways, all of which Neur- ath already contemplated: (2.I) Dealing with utopias and thought experiments on a regular basis increases creativity and inventiveness. (2.II) Particular ways of presenting knowl- edge facilitate scientific discovery and social progress. (2.III) The use of utopias in thought experiments can prompt conceptual change and allow access to new phenomena. We con- clude by highlighting that, even though thought experiments support a positive attitude for exploring new social possibilities, Neurath points out that active decisions are unavoidable. The exploration of alternatives and the awareness of a need for decisions in policy discus- sion avert a technocratic outlook in social science. (shrink)

Os escritos de Evágrio Pôntico, monge do século IV, embora não constituindo um sistema filosófico, são de capital importância para compreendermos o desenvolvimento da cultura ocidental. No presente trabalho, todavia, operamos um corte epistemológico diferente. Buscamos na sua obra Tratado Prático, primeira parte de uma trilogia de teologia espiritual, elementos de uma doutrina psicológica que, é o que pretendemos demonstrar, se constitui em verdadeira terapêutica. Assim, exploramos alguns conceitos fundamentais dessa obra, tais como os de impassibilidade, de pensamentos passionais, e (...) o de paixões, e também doutrinas importantes, como a da divisão tripartite da alma e a demonologia evagriana. (shrink)

Otto Neurath’s empiricist methodology of economics and his contributions to political economy have gained increasing attention in recent years. We connect this research with contemporary debates regarding the epistemological status of thought experiments by reconstructing Neurath’s utopias as linchpins of thought experiments. In our three reconstructed examples of different uses of utopias/dystopias in thought experiments we employ a reformulation of Häggqvist’s model for thought experiments and we argue that: (1) Our reformulation of Häggqvist’s model more adequately complies with many uses (...) of thought experiments, especially with the open-ended discussions of utopias and dystopias in thought experiments. (2) As a strict logical empiricist, Neurath is committed to a strictly empiricist account of thought experiments. John Norton’s empiricist argument view can indeed account for the justifications of empirical beliefs and genuine discoveries targeted by scientific utopianism in three distinct (yet connected) ways, all of which Neurath already contemplated: (2.I) Dealing with utopias and thought experiments on a regular basis increases creativity and inventiveness. (2.II) Particular ways of presenting knowledge facilitate scientific discovery and social progress. (2.III) The use of utopias in thought experiments can prompt conceptual change and allow access to new phenomena. We conclude by highlighting that, even though thought experiments support a positive attitude for exploring new social possibilities, Neurath points out that active decisions are unavoidable. The exploration of alternatives and the awareness of a need for decisions in policy discussion avert a technocratic outlook in social science. (shrink)

O ensino de filosofia para/com crianças: uma revisão sistemática da literatura Resumo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar, na literatura existente, quais os estudos sobre filosofia para/com crianças que investigam sobre as experiências das crianças nessa prática. Por meio de uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL), realizada em três etapas: planejamento, seleção e extração, em cinco bases de dados diferentes, encontramos trinta e três (33) pesquisas sobre o ensino de filosofia para crianças (Philosophy for Children), porém, apenas duas (2) (...) pesquisas que abordam especificamente sobre as experiências das crianças com o ensino de filosofia. Por meio dessa Revisão, desejamos contribuir com as pesquisas sobre Filosofia para Crianças. Palavras-chave: Crianças; Filosofia; Infância; Revisão. The teaching philosophy to/with children: a sistematic review of literature Abstract: The presente study aims to indetify, in the existing literature, which studies on philosophy for / with children that investigate children’s experience in this practice. Through Sistematic Literature Review (SLR), carried out in the three stages: planning, selection and extraction, in five different databases, we found thirty-three (33) researches on teaching philosophy to children, however, only two (2) surveys that specifically address children’s experiences with teaching philosophy. Through this Review we wish to contribute to research on Philosophy for Children. Keywords: Children; Philosophy; Childhood; Review. La enseñanza de la filosofía con/para niños: una revisión sistemática de la literatura Resumen: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar, en la literatura existente, qué estudios de filosofía para / con niños que investigan las experiencias de los niños en esta práctica. Mediante una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura (RSL), realizada en tres etapas: planificación, selección y extracción, en cinco bases de datos diferentes, encontramos treinta y tres (33) investigaciones sobre la enseñanza de la filosofía a los niños (Filosofía para Niños) sin embargo, solo dos (2) encuestas que abordan específicamente las experiencias de los niños con la enseñanza de la filosofía. A través de esta revisión, deseamos contribuir a la investigación sobre Filosofía para Niños. Palabras Clave: Niños; Filosofía; Infancia; Revisión. Data de registro: 07/01/2021 Data de aceite: 22/09/2021. (shrink)

A thought experiment on the ultimate non-essence of Time.

Is the dream of EU endangered? This book reviews classic and modern values and virtues, and uses them in order to rethink Europe's present politics and its future. The idea of the Republic was born with the political ethics of ancient Greece. The current international crisis obliges Europe to face the mirror of truth: What has become of the European Idea and how fares the European Constitution? It has been a long road from the Greek Politeia to the present lack (...) of values and financial monomania in Europe, who seems to have lost any harmony between the spirit, the soul and the body of her Constitution: the will and values of the people (material constitution), the text of the Lisbon Treaty (formal constitution) and its current political interpretation and action (real constitution), making Europe a two-tier or three-tier club, far from the dream of the founding fathers. Without republican values and virtues, and failing to uphold the European social model, the European Union would devolve into moral, social and democratic bankruptcy. (shrink)

This essay is part of a doctoral dissertation presented to the Department of Philosophy, University of São Paulo, in 1993, named 'Genealogy of the Real' . Its core idea is a Nietzschean approach to a masterpiece among philosophical inspired movies, namely, Akira Kurosawa's Rashomon, which surely touches deep groundings of the concept of truth and reality.

Why did human beings throughout the millennia so often think about a doomsday? Could there be a profit to our inner pleasure and pain equilibrium, when believing that doomsday is nearing, an idea suggested by Sigmund Freud? An analogous instinctive dynamics was thought by Nietzsche who wrote that human beings do prefer to want the nothingness rather than not to want anything at all. In this essay, 'Melancholia', a movie by Lars von Trier, is taken as an exquisite masterpiece, a (...) grandiose exposition of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche Philosophies.. (shrink)

The different approaches of the mind-body problem a fortiori have implications on the foundations of Psychology, Psychopathology and Psychiatry, leading to many clashing theories about the determinants of "normal" human behavior, as well of the mental illnesses. These schools of research on the human mind may on a first approach be divided in two main branches: 1) the neurogenetic ones; 2) the psychogenetic ones. This paper sprang up from a lifelong pondering on its subject by its author, while working as (...) a Clinical Psychiatrist and conducting a Ph D in Philosophy. (shrink)

This paper compares the claims about our knowledge of the external world presented by Rudolf Carnap, in the book known as the Aufbau, to those of Clarence Irving Lewis, in Mind and the World-Order. This comparison is made in terms of the opposition to Kantian epistemology that both books establish; the Aufbau is regarded as the peak of the logicist tradition and Mind and the World-Order is taken in continuity with pragmatism. It is found that both books present knowledge of (...) the external world as a consequence of a structural organization of human experience. However, there is an important point of divergence: the concept of verification each author adopts is different, such a concept was even a matter of discussion between Lewis and the Vienna Circle. This paper shows this disagreement but also shows how Carnap changed his point of view in the decade after the Aufbau was published, towards a standpoint which is much closer to Lewis’s ideas. In that process, nevertheless, Carnap changed his focus and did not deal with the problem of the external world anymore. This paper also seeks to draw attention to some features of the relation between Carnap and the pragmatist tradition which have only recently started to attract interest. (shrink)

Romance sui generis, sua estrutura narrativa se tece a partir de contos interconectados, sempre eivados de paixões intensas a ponto de pôr em cheque não só os limites entre fantasia e fato, como também a própria noção de realidade. Sua densa trama psicológica, exuberantemente simbólica, toca aspectos profundos da existência humana. Seu título é uma referência à menção de G.W. Hegel à 'Coruja de Minerva', em que afirma que apenas quando as civilizações aproximam-se de sua decadência final, de sua derradeira (...) agonia, pode a Filosofia expressar algo de substancial conteíudo acerca de sua história, pois tais verdades mais profundas a respeito só poderiam ser capturadas ao saírem de cena ao sobrevir do "crepúsculo", ou seja, apenas em retrospecto. Portanto, a reflexão dos filósofos abordaria a história humana de maneira análoga ao olhar da coruja de caça ao sobrevoar os campos ao cair da noite. Estaria uma última 'Coruja de Minerva' já pairando sobre a humanidade neste século 21, tão obscurecido por temores e sinais apocalípticos? (shrink)

Romanzo filosofico sui generis, la cui struttura narrativa viene tessuta da racconti interconnessi, sempre pieni di intense passioni da mettere in discussione non solo i limiti tra fantasia e fatto, ma la nozione stessa di realtà. Suo denso tessuto psicologico è vividamente simbolico e tocca aspetti davvero profondi dell'esistenza umana. Il titolo è un riferimento alla "Civetta di Minerva" del filosofo tedesco GW Hegel, su cui lui afferma che solo quando le civiltà si avvicinano al loro decadimento finale, alla loro (...) agonia, può la filosofia dire qualcosa di sostanziale sulla loro storia, dal fatto che loro più profonde verità solo si lasciono catturare durante l'uscita da scena quando viene il loro "crepuscolo", cioè solo come tarda retrospettiva. (shrink)

The study we report in this article addresses the results of comparing the rhetorical trees from two different languages carried out by two annotators starting from the Rhetorical Structure Theory. Furthermore, we investigate the methodology for a suitable evaluation, both quantitative and qualitative, of these trees. Our corpus contains abstracts of medical research articles written both in Spanish and Basque, and extracted from Gaceta Médica de Bilbao. The results demonstrate that almost half of the annotator disagreement is due to the (...) use of translation strategies that notably affect rhetorical structures. (shrink)

Quais são o sentido e as possibilidades da aula de Filosofia no Ensino Médio? Se uma aula de Filosofia deve ensinar os alunos a filosofar, tendo em conta os desenvolvimentos procedidos por diferentes filósofos ao longo da história, podem ser detectados alguns entraves cuja neutralização é possível pelo recurso à metodologia desenvolvida por Silvio Gallo.

Neurath’s scientific utopianism is the proposal that the social sciences should engage in the elaboration, development, and comparison of counterfactual scenarios, the ‘utopias’. Such scenarios can be understood as centerpieces of scientific thought experiments, that is, in exercises of imagination that not only promote conceptual revision, but also stimulate creativity to deal with experienced problems, as utopias are efforts to imagine what the future could look like. Moreover, utopian thought experiments can offer scientific knowledge to inform political debates and decisions, (...) contributing to the shaping of society. This essay reconstructs a historical event as an example of Neurath’s utopianist methodology. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, a scientific and political commission appointed by the Western German Parliament devised and compared four scenarios for future energetic-economic policies. Conclusions of the commission informed political decisions that put Western (later reunified) Germany in a route towards becoming a green industrial power. A fundamental part of the commission’s work involved an appeal to imagination, allowing for the characterization under Neurath’s methodology. (shrink)

In this article, I discuss Otto Neurath’s philosophy in the context of Vienna Circle modernism. Following recent scholarship, the discussion considers as a starting point Neurath’s participation at the fourth International Congress of Modern Architecture (CIAM IV). However, the image of Neurath’s modernism that results from this perspective is incomplete because it tends to overlook the importance of scientific utopianism in Neurath’s thought. Scientific utopianism is a methodology proposed by Neurath for the social sciences in technological contexts, in which scientists (...) elaborate and develop plans (utopias) for the transformation of society, thus contributing to an informed societal debate. Decisions are nevertheless kept outside the domain of scientific activity. I claim that recognizing the centrality of scientific utopianism in Neurath’s philosophy is fundamental to understand Neurath’s modernism. This interpretation highlights the affinities of Neurath’s philosophy of the social sciences with the modern utopianism of H. G. Wells. Both authors consider that there can be no ultimate solution to social problems but that a plural and constant debate of proposals is fundamental for the improvement of society. Therefore, Neurath’s modernism connects his philosophy of science to the literary utopian tradition. (shrink)

En este artículo se propone una lectura del poema “Anúncio da rosa”, del brasileño Carlos Drummond de Andrade, poeta de la segunda generación modernista brasileña. El poema aparece en la obra A rosa do povo, de 1945, escrito durante el periodo de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y la Guerra Fría, que hace parte de las principales preocupaciones identificadas en muchos de sus poemas, preocupaciones relatadas de manera directa, objetiva y a veces dura, situando la poesía en el tiempo y en (...) el mundo. (shrink)

The teaching of global ethics can be developed from several points of view. The goals of this education should be to seek respect for plurality and construct a fairer, more equal and more supportive world. The reflections put forward in the present chapter are not only based on the theoretical foundations of ethics and bioethics, but also especially on the geopolitical locus of where the authors live and work, which is the southern hemisphere. The objective of using this artifice was (...) to prevent local negative effects that an intendedly globalized project for teaching ethics might cause. The aim was also to indicate the conceptual bases and practices from which legitimate goals can be defined for this initiative, which can be applied for use in different parts of the world without unilaterality, interpositions, impositions or manipulations. Because of the difficulty in defining goals for teaching global ethics, the present analysis took the reference point of two real themes of the contemporary world: moral imperialism and the point of view of coloniality. Overcoming the distortions and inequities of moral imperialism that are now perceived in the relationships established among different individuals, cultures, countries and regions of the world, combined with coping with situations of coloniality – whether occasional or global – is part of a macro-ethical context that poses an obstacle to construction of non-discriminatory, equal and inclusive global ethics. Considering the barriers against construction of consensuses in this field, the present text proposes the use of education in global ethics as a tool that is applied for opposing situations of moral imperialism and coloniality. Finally, instead of proposing abstract goals that are set aprioristically, this chapter indicates the paradigm of corporeity as a universal marker for what should be sought morally and what should be avoided in education programs regarding global ethics. Thus, this chapter provides a minimal axiological basis upon which it will be possible to establish goals, thereby avoiding educational practices in the field of ethics that will become yet another factual element serving the maintenance of unilateral and hegemonic interests and an unjust global order. (shrink)

Neurath’s approach to the problem of the unity of science is different from conceptions we may call traditional, to know, those that consider that what unites in one single concept the diverse sciences is the adoption of a method, or those that defend that this is carried through by certain characteristics which can be found in the body of knowledge considered scientific. Neurath’s stance also diverges from the standpoint that there is no unifying factor for science, that is, the view (...) that the different sciences are only classified under such concept because of the historical origin of such activities. Neurath’s proposal is to consider science as an attitude, a posture in relation to the problems of the world, the scientific world-conception. This text presents such approach in connection to the aspect of social transformation that can be found in Neurath’s thought. This is done following a comprehension of the ideas of the Vienna Circle, seeking to understand a continuity among the ideas of the members of such group, especially Neurath and Carnap. The present text aims, as well, at recovering the Neurathian idea that we can use a philosophical approach to science to struggle against the problems of the world. (shrink)

This article offers a new understanding of populism. The argument unfolds as follows: first, the populist literature is reviewed and two main approaches are identified: ontic and logic-oriented, the more important of which is the Schmitt-Laclau logic of enmity. While the authors broadly agree with Laclau’s criticism of ontic approaches, they endorse neither his ontological understanding of enmity, nor his claim that populism is politics, and enmity is the logic of populism. Next, the origins of populism are located in a (...) paradox at the heart of democracy. Democracy defines itself as a community of inclusion, yet exclusion is constitutive of inclusion, including therefore democratic inclusion. Then is discussed what the authors believe to be the true logic of populism: resentment. Unlike enmity, which functions in Laclau’s populist theory as an ontology of non-identity, resentment operates within a rivalrous framework, which presupposes identification between the parts and refers to a set of normative commitments. Finally, the article concludes by presenting an understanding of populism as a specific logic of political action. (shrink)

This paper aims at disentangling two distinct problems in present philosophy of logic: the a priori/a posteriori divide and the theory choice problem. A confusion of these problems is present in the heart of current anti-exceptionalism about logic, as the use of a posteriori methods is identified with theory choice. We illustrate how the division may be preserved in a version of anti-exceptionalism by discussing Carnap’s approach, which had both an a priori epistemology and a pragmatic account of logical theory (...) choice. This contributes to illuminate the claim that the current understanding is mistaken in considering Carnap as an exceptionalist, and it also helps us to address one of the difficulties of current anti-exceptionalism, to know, that, by equating a posteriori with theory choice, it requires appeal to framework-independent facts. We suggest that the pragmatic account of both Quine and Carnap to theory choice was advanced precisely to avoid that kind of difficulty. (shrink)

Auto-operação manifesta uma co-presença de feminismos, a partir do eixo de pensamento que contrapõe a noção de sexo como biológico a ideia de gênero como construção sociocultural. Os trabalhos apresentados refletem tanto um tempo existencial, subjetivado, íntimo e interiorizado, quanto o âmbito comunicacional, maquínico e exteriorizado da produção sensível.

A identificação do Uno com o Bem, na filosofia procleana, ao mesmo tempo que permite que haja uma só Causa Primeira de todas as coisas, também apresenta dificuldades quanto à origem do mal. Todavia, apesar das dificuldades oriundas de uma causa única, o que se observa na filosofia procleana é que essa causa se faz necessária em três âmbitos: lógico, henoepistemológico e moral. Diante disso, este trabalho objetiva fazer apontamentos sobre como o Uno-Bem é fundamental nestas três esferas. Para tanto, (...) o trabalho é dividido em três partes: a primeira versa sobre a necessidade lógica do Uno-Bem; a segunda, a respeito da necessidade henoepistemológica e a terceira, sobre como o Uno-Bem se constituti como princípio da moral, de maneira a impossibilitar a existência de um princípio ou ser essencialmente mal. Palavras-chave: Uno-Bem. Fundamento. Hipóstases. (shrink)

La metaphysique-dogmatique pose des structures essentielles, des valeurs absolues qui existent "en soi et pour soi", et qui surpassent l'homme, tout en s'appuyant sur la dichotomie des valeurs. Nietzsche, au contraire, se tient dans rimmanence et pour cela il s'appuie sur le concept de Volonte de puissance. Autrement dit, i l se rattache ä des penseurs comme Heraclite d'Ephese, dans sa tentative de reintegrer l'homme dans le tout /nature iphusis) duquel i l est sorti. Et pourtant, cette realite, due au (...) fait qu'il est toujours en devenir, ne se laisse pas emprisonner dans ces cadres. Et c'est dans ce sens que la dimension esthetique apparait comme essentielle: l'existence s'affirme comme creation et seulement en tant que telle. En conclusion, la Volonte de puissance est en elle-meme artiste, pouvoir de transfiguration du reel, que Nietzsche justement designe sous le nom de dionysiaque. Ces premisses etant donnees, il ne sera pas difficile d'etablir des rapports entre les concepts nietzscheens et la production artistique actuelle dans le but de tracer une nouvelle vision et/ou une nouvelle perspective de la realite comme un tout. (shrink)